Managing sow body condition in large-scale production systems

There are substantial economic benefits in boosting productivity and reducing sow mortality costs.

Person checking pigs in a barn

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Heavier sows are associated with an increase in stillborn pigs and higher pre-weaning mortality rates. National Pork Board

Traditionally, methods for monitoring and scoring sow body condition were highly subjective. Most farms relied on the visual assessments of farm staff, typically using a 1-5 scale, to estimate overall herd condition. Although some farms used ultrasound technology to assess body condition, it proved impractical for large-scale sow operations. These approaches left many farms without a standardized definition of an 'ideal' body condition or a structured plan for improvement.

Since most sow diets are designed for an 'average' or 'ideal' sow, ensuring sows maintain optimal body condition is crucial for efficient production. Without a standardized body condition scoring system, sows that fall outside the ideal range risk being over- or under-fed, which can limit their production potential.

In 2015, Mark Knauer from North Carolina State University introduced a caliper designed to measure body condition at the last rib, providing a standardized tool for scoring that could be implemented consistently across farms. Recognizing the need for a more objective, scalable approach, AMVC adopted Knauer’s caliper in 2017 as part of a new protocol for assessing body condition in sows and gilts.

This tool allowed AMVC to gather reliable data at specific points throughout gestation, ensuring that feeding adjustments could be data-driven and aligned with the herd's nutritional needs. The improved process gave AMVC a foundation for justifying dietary modifications and optimizing feed allocation to maintain ideal body condition across the herd.

Related:Increasing knowledge of pigs, diets and feeds could reduce potential environmental effects

About the Author

Macie Reeb, AMVC Nutritional Services

AMVC Management Services

Reeb has served as an associate swine nutritionist at AMVC Management Services since August 2023, bringing with her a strong academic background and research experience in swine nutrition. Her master's research at Kansas State University concentrated on the influences of amino acid ratios, soybean meal and distiller's dried grains on finishing pigs, alongside studies involving HiPhorius Phytase's effects on pig growth and health.

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